As long as the violent conflicts in Papua cannot be terminated, the flow of refugees from the Indonesian province into Papua New Guinea (PNG) will continue. It is widely believed that the reasons for such flights have been the threats of violence made by the Indonesian security apparatus. In fact the violence has become 'cyclical'. Both the security apparatus and pro-Independence groups have a stake in maintaining the violence. Apart from the violent measures taken by the Indonesian army and police, the aggressive conduct of non-State actors, such as OPM and its affiliated groups, highland youth or student groups, and other pro-Independence hardliners, have recently contributed significantly in the reproduction of violence. These groups distrust the Indonesian State institutions in the strongest sense while opposing the mainstream pro-Independence group such as Papuan Presidium Council. There are deep links between the value placed on revenge in tribal warfare, identity, and the failure of law enforcement.

On Tuesday, the 25th of April 2007 we are inviting Muridan Satrio Wijoyo, a highly respected young intellectual from the Indonesian Institute of Sciences and a Ph.D candidate at Leiden University, the Netherland, to our monthly discussion forum to dig deep the topic of "Non-State Actors and the 'Cycle' of Violence" in contemporary Papua, and its relevance to the life of the people in this country. The discussion is for only limited participants. So please confirm your participation either by phone at 021-7820-444 (work hour with Amel) or by email to INTERSEKSI AT GE-MAIL DOT COM.